{"id":4083,"date":"2025-05-27T11:09:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T05:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/?page_id=4083"},"modified":"2025-07-07T15:06:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T09:36:05","slug":"classification-and-analysis-of-internet-of-things-architecture-based-on-scalability-security-and-energy-efficiency","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/classification-and-analysis-of-internet-of-things-architecture-based-on-scalability-security-and-energy-efficiency\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification and Analysis of Internet-of-Things Architecture Based on Scalability, Security and Energy Efficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4083\" class=\"elementor elementor-4083\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b3d6bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b3d6bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d724340\" data-id=\"d724340\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c722ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c722ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification and Analysis of Internet-of-Things Architecture Based on Scalability, Security and Energy Efficiency<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12c9a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"12c9a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/classification-and-analysis-of-internet-of-things-architecture-based-on-scalability-security-and-energy-efficiency\/#author\"> <em> Dr. Shalini Aggarwal<\/em><\/a>,\r\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/classification-and-analysis-of-internet-of-things-architecture-based-on-scalability-security-and-energy-efficiency\/#author\"> <em> Mr. Karan Singh Bisht<\/em><\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                                        <p class=\"Issue\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/classification-and-analysis-of-internet-of-things-architecture-based-on-scalability-security-and-energy-efficiency\/\">Vol 9 ,  Issue 1 , December 2024<\/a><span class=\"pipe\"> | <\/span>Pages: 09-16\r\n                                        <\/p>\r\n                                        \r\n                    <!--<p class=\"doi\">DOI: <a href=\"#\">10.61691\/IPEM_CA.8.2023.1-8<\/a><\/p>-->\r\n\r\n                                        <p class=\"Published\"><span class=\"articledate\">Published Online: December, 2024<\/span><\/p>\r\n                                <p class=\"Download\">        <a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/ARTICL2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download Article<\/a><\/p>\r\n                    \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb397b elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"1eb397b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-1eb397b\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  active-caret-on\" data-tabid=\"1eb397b\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"author\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"author-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Author Affiliations<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"references\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"references-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >References<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"citation\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"citation-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Citation<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"author-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"author-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p class=\"Author-bg\"><b>Author Details<\/b><\/p><div class=\"card-body table-responsive\"><div class=\"autinfo\"><b class=\"sn\">1. <\/b>Dr. Shalini Aggarwal,\u00a0Associate Professor, Institute of Professional Excellence &amp; Management, Ghaziabad, India<\/div><div class=\"autinfo\"><b class=\"sn\">2. <\/b>Mr. Karan Singh Bisht, Student, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India<\/div><\/div>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Internet of Things (IOT) comprises things that have unique identities and are connected to the internet. IOT is a new revolution in the capabilities of the devices that are connected via the internet, and is being driven by the advancement in capabilities (cost effective) in sensor networks, mobile devices, wireless communications, networking and cloud technologies with minimum or no human intervention. The scope of IOT is not limited only to connecting devices to the internet but also allows communication and exchange of data among them The Internet of Things (IOT) represents a significant evolution in internet technology, enabling the connection and communication of billions of devices worldwide. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review and classification of IOT architectures. We examine the various layers, models, and frameworks proposed in the literature, identifying common themes and differences. By analyzing these architectures, we aim to offer insights into their design principles, strengths, and weaknesses. Our review highlights the critical role of architecture in IOT deployment and suggests directions for future research to address current challenges and enhance IOT system efficiency and security. This paper presents a review and classification on architecture of IOT based on the challenges in application of IOT. It provides an overview of the classification of the architecture based on scalability, security and energy efficiency. This paper evaluates various contributions of researchers in different areas of IOT architecture. It will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things<strong>. <\/strong><\/p><p class=\"keywords\">Keywords<\/p><p><em>Internet of Things (IOT), Three-layer architecture, Scalability, Security, Energy-efficiency.<\/em><\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"references-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"references-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <ol><li>Vermesan, P. Friess, P. Guillemin et al., \u201cInternet of things strategic research road map,\u201d in Internet of Things: Global Technological and Societal Trends, vol. 1, pp. 9\u201352, 2011.<\/li><li>Pena-Lopez, \u00b4 Itu Internet Report 2005: The Internet of Things, 2005<\/li><li>Sethi P. Sarangi S. R. (2017). \u201cInternet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications\u201d, Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2017, pp. 1\u201325. Advance online publication. 10.1155\/2017\/9324035<\/li><li>Abdmeziem M.R., Tandjaoui D., Romdhani I. (2016) \u201cArchitecting the Internet of Things: State of the Art\u201d. In: Koubaa A., Shakshuki E. (eds) Robots and Sensor Clouds. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer, Cham. pp. 55-75 vol 36.<\/li><li>Yousefpour, G. Ishigaki, R. Gour and J. Jue, &#8220;On Reducing IOT Service Delay via Fog Offloading,&#8221; IEEE Internet of Things Journal , vol. 5, no. 1, 2018.<\/li><li>Said and M. Masud, \u201cTowards internet of things: survey and future vision,\u201d International Journal of Computer Networks, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1\u201317, 2013.<\/li><li>Wafa\u2019a Kassab and Khalid A. Darabkh, \u201cA-Z Survey of Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, Applications, Recent Advances, Future Directions and Recommendations,\u201d Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Elsevier, vol. 163, 102663, August 2020.<\/li><li>Cirani et al., &#8220;A Scalable and Self-Configuring Architecture for Service Discovery in the Internet of Things,&#8221; IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 508-521, Oct. 2014,<\/li><li>Sarkar, A. U. Nambi S. N., R. V. Prasad, A. Rahim, R. Neisse and G. Baldini, &#8220;DIAT: A Scalable Distributed Architecture for IOT,&#8221; IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 230-239, June 2015,<\/li><li>Hui Guo, Ju Ren, Deyu Zhang, Yaoxue Zhang, Junying Hu, \u201cA scalable and manageable IOT architecture based on transparent computing\u201d, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Volume 118, Part 1, pp. 5-13, 2018.<\/li><li>Javed, A. Malhi, T. Kinnunen and K. Fr\u00e4mling, &#8220;Scalable IOT Platform for Heterogeneous Devices in Smart Environments,&#8221; IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 211973 211985, 2020.<\/li><li>Qian, H. Xu and P. Li, &#8220;A Novel Secure Architecture for the Internet of Things,&#8221; in 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS), 2016, pp. 398-401.<\/li><li>Feldhofer M., Dominikus S., and Wolkerstorfer J. (2004) Strong Authentication for RFID Systems Using the AES Algorithm In: Joye M., Quisquater JJ. (eds) Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems &#8211; CHES 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3156. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.<\/li><li>Calmels, S. Canard, M. Girault, and H. Sibert, \u201cLow-Cost Cryptography for Privacy in RFID Systems,\u201d in Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications, vol. 3928, J. Domingo-Ferrer, J. Posegga, and D. Schreckling, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 237\u2013251<\/li><li>Maheshwari and H. Dagale, &#8220;Secure communication and firewall architecture for IOT applications,&#8221; in Proc. 10th Inter. Conf. on Communication Systems &amp; Networks (COMSNETS), pp. 328-335, 2018, doi: 10.1109\/COMSNETS. 2018.8328215.<\/li><li>Liang, J. Chen, H. Cheng and Y. Tseng, &#8220;An Energy-Efficient Sleep Scheduling with QoS Consideration in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Networks for Internet of Things,&#8221; in IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 13-22, March 2013, doi: 10.1109\/JETCAS.2013. 2243631.<\/li><li>Kaur and S. K. Sood, \u201cAn Energy-Efficient Architecture for the Internet of Things (IOT),\u201d IEEE Syst. J., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 796\u2013805, Jun. 2017.<\/li><li>Akgul, B. Canberk, \u201cSelf-Organized Things (SoT): An Energy Efficient Next Generation Network Management,\u201d Computer Communications (Elsevier), vol. 74, pp. 52-62, January 2016.<\/li><li>Tang, Jine, ZhangBing Zhou, Jianwei Niu, and Qun Wang. \u201cAn energy efficient hierarchical clustering index tree for facilitating time-correlated region queries in the Internet of Things,\u201d Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 40, pp. 1 11, 2014.<\/li><li>Shelby, K. Hartke, and C. Bormann. (Jun. 2013). Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). RFC 7252 (Proposed Standard), Internet Engineering Task Force. Accessed: July 2, 2021.<\/li><li>Wehrle, S. G otz, and S. Rieche, \u201cDistributed hash tables,\u201d Peer-to-Peer Systems and Applications, vol. 3485. Springer, 2005, pp. 79\u201393<\/li><\/ol>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"citation-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"citation-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>S. Aggarwal and K. S. Bisht, &#8220;Classification and Analysis of Internet-of-Things Architecture Based on Scalability, Security and Energy Efficiency,&#8221; <em>IPEM Journal of Computer Application &amp; Research<\/em>, vol. 9, pp. 09\u201316, Dec. 2024. DOI:<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Classification and Analysis of Internet-of-Things Architecture Based on Scalability, Security and Energy Efficiency Dr. Shalini Aggarwal, Mr. Karan Singh Bisht [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4083","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4083"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4250,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4083\/revisions\/4250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}