{"id":4425,"date":"2026-03-09T10:06:01","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T04:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/5g-enabled-smart-traffic-lights-performance-analysis-and-real-world-implementation-challenges-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T11:58:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T06:28:44","slug":"a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"A Rigorous Comparative Study of Classical and Quantum Machine Learning for Intelligent Automated Fake Review Detection in Smart E-Commerce Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4425\" class=\"elementor elementor-4425\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b3d6bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b3d6bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d724340\" data-id=\"d724340\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c722ad7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c722ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Rigorous Comparative Study of Classical and Quantum Machine Learning for Intelligent Automated Fake Review Detection in Smart E-Commerce Systems<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12c9a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"12c9a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t <a class=\"author\" href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems\/#author\"> <em> Himanshu Vashistha<\/em><\/a>,\r\n   <a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems\/#author\"> <em>Ms. Sangeeta Kumari <\/em><\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                                        <p class=\"Issue\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems\/\">Vol 10 ,  Issue 1 , December 2025<\/a><span class=\"pipe\"> | <\/span>Pages: 65-76\r\n                                        <\/p>\r\n                                        \r\n                    <p class=\"doi\">DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/a-rigorous-comparative-study-of-classical-and-quantum-machine-learning-for-intelligent-automated-fake-review-detection-in-smart-e-commerce-systems\/\"><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n                                        <p class=\"Published\"><span class=\"articledate\">Published Online: December, 2025<\/span><\/p>\r\n                                <p class=\"Download\">        <a href=\"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Article-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download Article<\/a><\/p>\r\n                    \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb397b elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"1eb397b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-1eb397b\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active  active-caret-on\" data-tabid=\"1eb397b\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"author\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"author-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Author Affiliations<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"abstract\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"abstract-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Abstract<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"references\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"references-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >References<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"citation\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"citation-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Citation<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"author-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"author-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p class=\"Author-bg\"><b>Author Details<\/b><\/p><div class=\"card-body table-responsive\"><div class=\"autinfo\"><b class=\"sn\">1. <\/b>Himanshu Vashistha, IT Professional, NTT Data, Noida, India<\/div><div class=\"autinfo\"><b class=\"sn\">2. <\/b>Sangeeta Kumari, Assistant Professor, Institute of Professional Excellence and Management, Ghaziabad, India\u00a0 \u00a0<\/div><\/div>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"abstract-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"abstract-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>The Extensive growth of e-commerce platforms has increased the prevalence of deceptive and fabricated reviews, posing challenges for automated trust assessment and intelligent online systems. Effective detection of such reviews requires models that can analyze textual patterns, linguistic cues, and sentiment characteristics with high reliability. This study presents a comparative evaluation of classical machine learning methods\u2014Support Vector Machines (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)\u2014and their quantum counterparts, Quantum SVM (QSVM) and Quantum KNN (QKNN), for automated fake review detection. Unlike earlier works that rely on limited feature sets, this study incorporates comprehensive preprocessing and evaluates multiple performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings indicate that classical SVM consistently delivers strong and stable performance, while QSVM demonstrates modest but meaningful improvements in specific scenarios due to its ability to exploit higher-dimensional quantum feature spaces. The results highlight the potential of quantum-enhanced models for future intelligent automation systems, while also emphasizing current limitations related to computational overhead and scalability. This work contributes to the development of more robust AI-driven mechanisms for enhancing trust and reliability in smart e-commerce environments.<\/p><p class=\"keywords\">Keywords<\/p><p>Sentiment Analysis (SA), Fake Reviews Detection, Quantum Machine Learning (QML), Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM), Quantum k-nearest Neighbors (QKNN), Classic Machine Learning Algorithms, Text Classification, Performance Metrics, Quantum Circuits, Online Shopping Reviews.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"references-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"references-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <ul><li>H. Asaad, R. Allami, and Y. H. Ali,\u201d Fake Review Detection Using Machine Learning,\u201d 2023, doi: 10.18280\/ria.370507.<\/li><li>Ennaouri and A. Zellou,\u201d Fake Reviews Detection through Machine Learning Algorithms: A Systematic Literature Review,\u201d 2022, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2039197\/v1.<\/li><li>S. Gupta, C. E. Wood, T. Engstrom, J. D. Pole, and S. Shrapnel, \u201dQuantum Machine Learning for Digital Health? A Systematic Review,\u201d 2024, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.02446.<\/li><li>Schuld, I. Sinayskiy, and F. Petruccione, \u201dAn introduction to quantum machine learning,\u201d Contemp. Phys., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 172\u2013185, 2015, doi: 10.1080\/00107514.2014.964942.<\/li><li>Bhulai, V. U. Amsterdam, and D. Kardaras, DATA ANALYTICS 2017 DATA ANALYTICS 2017 Forward, 2017.<\/li><li>Choi, K. Nam, M. Park, S. Yang, S. Hwang, and H. Oh, \u201dFake review identification and utility evaluation model using machine learning,\u201d Front. Artif. Intell., vol. 5, 2023, doi: 10.3389\/frai.2022.1064371.<\/li><li>Abri, L. F. Gutierrez, A. S. Namin, K. S. Jones, and D. R. W. Sears, \u201dFake Reviews Detection through Analysis of Linguistic Features,\u201d pp. 1\u201311, 2020, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.04260.<\/li><li>Q. Mir, F. Y. Khan, and M. A. Chishti, \u201dOnline Fake Review Detection Using Supervised Machine Learning And BERT Model,\u201d<\/li><\/ul><p>2023, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2301.03225.<\/p><ul><li>Pranjic\u00b4 et al., \u201dUnsupervised Quantum Anomaly Detection on Noisy Quantum Processors,\u201d 2024, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2411.16970.<\/li><li>Amol Gadewar, Pratima Jadhav, Pratiksha Kale, Dhanashree Kature, and Kshitija Patil, \u201dOnline Fake Review Detection Based on Machine Learning Techniques,\u201d Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 4099, pp. 197\u2013204, 2023, doi: 10.32628\/ijsrset2310390.<\/li><li>M. Elmogy, U. Tariq, A. Ibrahim, and A. Mohammed, \u201dFake Reviews Detection using Supervised Machine Learning,\u201d Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 601\u2013606, 2021, doi: 10.14569\/IJACSA.2021.0120169.<\/li><li>Gutierrez-Espinoza, F. Abri, A. S. Namin, K. S. Jones, and D. R. W. Sears, \u201dFake Reviews Detection through Ensemble Learning,\u201d pp. 1\u20138, 2020, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.07912.<\/li><li>I. Elmurngi and A. Gherbi, \u201dUnfair reviews detection on Amazon reviews using sentiment analysis with supervised learning techniques,\u201d J. Comput. Sci., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 714\u2013726, 2018, doi: 10.3844\/jcssp.2018.714.726.<\/li><li>Le and B. Kim, \u201dDetection of Fake Reviews on Social Media Using Machine Learning Algorithms,\u201d Issues Inf. Syst., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 185\u2013194, 2020, doi: 10.48009<\/li><li>Mohawesh, S. Xu, M. Springer, M. Al-Hawawreh, and S. Maqsood, \u201dFake or Genuine? Contextualised Text Representation for Fake Review Detection,\u201d pp. 137-148, 2021, doi: 10.5121\/csit.2021.112311.<\/li><li>Smith, A. Johnson, and K. Brown, \u201dA Review of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms for Data Science,\u201d J. Quantum Comput., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 113-121, 2023, doi: 10.1007\/JQC.2023.0154.<\/li><li>Lee and M. K. Kim, \u201dApplications of Quantum Algorithms in Machine Learning,\u201d IEEE Trans. Quantum Comput., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 302-310, 2022, doi: 10.1109\/TQC.2022.0165.<\/li><li>T. Patel, M. Gupta, and P. Sharma, \u201dImproving Classical Machine Learning Models with Quantum Computing,\u201d Front. Quantum Computing, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47-56, 2023, doi: 10.3389\/fqcom.2023.00047.<\/li><li>M. Diaz, R. Singh, and B. K. Pati,\u201d Quantum Machine Learning in Health Informatics: A Comprehensive Review,\u201d J. Health Inf. Sci. Eng., vol. 10, pp. 132-145, 2023, doi: 10.1038\/jhise.2023.023.<\/li><li>Gupta, R. Agarwal, and V. Verma,\u201d Quantum Models for Optimizing Large-Scale Data Processing,\u201d Data Sci. Appl., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 213222, 2024, doi: 10.1007\/dsa.2024.0678.<\/li><\/ul>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"citation-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"citation-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p>H. Vashistha and S. Kumari, \u201cA rigorous comparative study of classical and quantum machine learning for intelligent automated fake review detection in smart e-commerce systems,\u201d <em>IPEM Journal of Computer Application &amp; Research<\/em>, vol. 10, pp. 65\u201376, Dec. 2025doi:.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Rigorous Comparative Study of Classical and Quantum Machine Learning for Intelligent Automated Fake Review Detection in Smart E-Commerce Systems [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4425","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4425"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4557,"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4425\/revisions\/4557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.ipem.edu.in\/computer_applications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}